Analysis and modelling of rampart line antennas

A new, efficient, and accurate analytical model is introduced for estimating the beam direction of rampart line antennas with microstrip radiators that can change feeding frequency. The takes its origins from 1-D array theory, in which bends represent radiating elements, interconnecting lines phase shifters. mathematical expression accounting equivalent length correct estimation distance between introduced. was tested various substrate relative permittivity values ranging 2.9 to 6.45. This be used arbitrary configurations by providing dipole direction, depending on orientation bends. An alternative geometry proposed reduce coupling parallel segments. prototype operating a bandwidth 1 GHz around 7.8 realized Rogers RO4350B high-frequency laminate thickness 1.524 mm. Both radiation pattern reflection coefficient were measured show good agreement commercial full-wave simulation tool results.